Why Does My Dog Growl at Me?

Guarding is an instinctual behavior for dogs. It is useful to us when they warn strangers who intrude on their (and our) territory. One of the earliest benefits dog provided to man was to serve as an early warning intruder alert system.

Territoriality is, simply stated, guarding space. It is the dogs way of saying this space has value and it belongs to me and my pack. In fact, dogs guard all sorts of things, some tangible, such as food, others intangible such as space.

When they guard these items from outsiders it can be helpful. I leave my home knowing my dog will be alert to an inappropriate intrusion. Dogs also guard tangibles and intangibles from one another. You shouldnt expect to see a submissive dog take a bone or scrap from the alpha or dominant dog. Should he try, hell face a swift correction. But thats rarely necessary because in the structure of the dog pack, it is clearly understood who is entitled to what and when.

But what happens when that clear understanding is lacking between a dog and members of his human pack? The results can be a disastera dog who guards something against his very owners.

In this article well concentrate on space guarding behaviors. In the dog pack, if the dominant dog wants to walk from point A to point B, he will do it even if he has to nudge a lesser dog out of his way. If the more submissive dog protests, what he is actually doing is challenging the authority of his leader by trying to guard the space he occupies.

The same event may transpire in our homes. Your dog helps himself to a place on the sofa. You either sit down next to him, or try to take his collar to pull him off. Your own dog growls or snaps at you. Hes guarding space. Moreover, hes stating in dog language that he believes he is dominant to you.

You need to open a cabinet and the dog is blocking your way. You take his collar to move him, and he growls or bites. The same thing may occur when you want to push the dog out a door, pass him in a narrow hallway, or get too close to him laying in his favorite spot.

In many households, the human occupants do not realize that their dog is guarding space until the dog becomes completely out of control. In fact, we excuse the behavior. Thats because too often people apply human standards to canine behavior. Among our species it is impolite to pull someone out of a chair or shoulder them aside when you need something. So if the dog growls when you sit by him on the couch, many people wrongly think the dog is just being grumpy, or that he was too comfortable to be disturbed.

I have actually seen adults chastise children for being impolite to a dog for sitting next to him on furniture, or for wanting to remove the dog from their place. People subconsciously try to accept these problems as quirks of the dog. Many owners try to just work around the issue by not disturbing the dog under whatever circumstance causes the dog to guard.

Unfortunately, this sends precisely the wrong message to the dog. Humoring him confirms that he is dominant, and is, therefore, entitled to guard more and more space. Thats why guarding behavior escalates for many dogs. Often, I hear from owners whos dog began to growl at them under very limited conditions, say when being pulled off the sofa. But eventually the behavior escalates to the point where the dog growls when they even get near him on the sofa.

The owner thinks the dog is getting worse. The dog simply thinks hes getting stronger. For some dogs, dominance is a self-rewarding behavior. You want to remove him from the couch. He growls. You back off. The behavior works. So eventually he growls when you even look at him on the couch. They just dont seem to get it, the dog is thinking. Ill have to warn them earlier.

This can become very problematic for some pet owners, particularly those with young children in the house. Kids often dont realize that theyre not supposed to bother the dog. They just figure they have liberty to safely toddle wherever their little legs will take them. And if you ask me, they should have that right.

Older children must be taught to respect dogs. And younger children must be observed very carefully when they interact with a dog, to be sure they do not accidentally pinch him for example. But no one can expect a two year old child to understand she should avoid Rover when hes laying on the sofa.

Willy is a three year old German Short Hair Pointer. His owner, Lisa, called me very concerned. Willy had been growling at her baby every time the child approached him in his dog bed. Sometimes Willy would climb on the couch, and he would also growl at the baby on those occasions. Apparently this behavior had been going on for over a month. And just recently, the dog had growled at Lisa when she sat near him on the couch. Lisa was very confused because this entire set of behaviors was only about a month old, but it was getting worse fast.

Did your baby start walking about a month ago? I asked her. The answer was yes. That made it all clear to me. Willy always felt Lisa was dominant to him. So he never growled at her before. But when the baby started walking, this impudent little human would intrude on his space, and Willy did believe himself dominant to the baby.

Not understanding the behavior, Lisa had spent an entire month showing Willy how dominant he was by not correcting him and not letting the baby disturb him when he was comfortable. The unintended message to Willy was that he was more dominant than he had originally thought. Thats why he began to guard space from Lisa too.

While not all dogs progress from growling to snapping, or from air snapping to contact biting, that does happen with some dogs. And its tragic because it usually doesnt need to reach that point. Left untreated, most dogs who effectively guard space will eventually scare or hurt their owners enough to be removed from their homes, or be put down.

Willy became a client of the Chicagoland Boarding School for Dogs. In the time he spent with us, we used our Forcefree Method to show him that space was not a resource he should guard from his human family.

We taught Willy a series of exercises using a vibrating training collar delivering a series of low level taps. The vibration, while not at all painful, was attention getting. (Before we put the collar on Willy, we let Lisa feel the the collar on her hand so she understood they were not painful. Lisa described the feeling as a mild tickle.) During the initial phase of training, our goal was to teach Willy that when he felt the taps, he could stop them by altering a behavior.

We started out with leash pulling, showing him that pulling on a tight leash turned on the tapping sensation, and that walking nicely on a loose leash turned them off. Then we went to the sit stay. We showed Willy that getting up when he was supposed to be sitting turned on taps that he could turn off instantly by re-sitting himself.

The reason we didnt go right to the space guarding issue was simple. We didnt want to overwhelm the dog by immediately training for the most difficult behavior first. Also the guarding behaviors are very specific to the family. They might be tough to reproduce without his sofa, his baby, and his owner.

But once Willy understood that he could stop collar taps by altering a behavior, we were ready to confront the real issue, the guarding of space. By this point in the training, we had established a bond of trust and affection with Willy. That was critical because now we were teaching him to yield his personal space to us under the pressure of the taps.

In short, by sometimes invading Willys personal space, while tapping, we showed him that he could turn off the tapping, as usual, by giving us a desired behaviorin this case, moving out of the way. Starting on leash, we held the dog close to our body, literally turning into him, and tapped as we moved through his space. Using a combination of leash pressure and body movement, we moved Willy out of the way. The second he began to yield his space, the taps stopped.

Willy began to understand very quickly. Space wasnt worth guarding anymore. In fact, each time we asked him to give up space, he became very willing to do so at once. After all, as far as he knew, any space we asked him for became slightly annoying anyway.

We brought this dog home at the conclusion of our ten day program, reoriented him to his family and his environment, transferred the behavior modification techniques to his owner over the course of two hours. Then we left.

Lisa called two days later. She reported that Willy was leaving his dog bed as soon as the baby approached. We were happy with this report, but Lisa was concerned. She wanted the dog and the baby to be friends and she was worried that the dog was now fleeing from the baby.

We explained that this was progress given that the dog had modified a major behavior and was now yielding space, rather than guarding it. We advised her to give it some more time to see if the dog would eventually find pleasure in sharing space, time and bonding with the baby in his new submissive role. We did warn Lisa that not all dogs bond with all people, but that it was still a distinct possibility.

Two weeks later Lisa called again, and she was very happy. She found Willy and the baby curled up together in the dogs bed. Apparently, Willy had calmed down enough to realize that while he was no longer able to guard space, there was a wonderful pleasure in sharing it.

Trust is something that grows over time, and with experience. Every day that passes as Willy continues to show the right reaction is one more day in which the trust between he and his family grows. Willy has been home for several months now, and all the reports are good news.

Here is a dog who was at severe risk for re-homing and possibly might have injured a child, curled up in bed with his little master.

Marc Goldberg is a dog trainer specializing in the rehabilitation of difficult dogs and improving relationships. He is Vice President of the International Association of Canine Professionals (IACP) and Editor of SafeHands Journal. The author also educates professional dog trainers in his techniques. Visit him on the web at http://www.chicagodogtrainer.com or http://www.dogtraininginchicago.com.

How Owning A Great Dane Is Effected By It's Personality

There are some breeds that are instantly recognizable. The Great Dane is one of those: its powerful, yet never clumsy, form makes it the target of much admiration. Of course, it's more than the Dane's robust build that makes it so easy to spot; it's the natural bearing that it carries. This dog has been called the "Apollo" of all breeds, and with good reason.

Its origins date back to 3,000 BC, where drawings found on Egyptian monuments depict Dane-like dogs. And then, in 2,000 BC, Babylonian artifacts were discovered, some including drawings on soldiers using the dogs. The term "Apollo", however, reflects the Greek use of the animals. Coins dating back to 36 BC have been found, inscribed with the Dane's image. It is commonly believed the Great Dane was used in arena blood sports, due to its size and power.

Throughout history, this massive dog was breed for battle and the hunt. Today, we would find that strange since the Dane is considered one of the gentlest breeds, but it was not always so. In 407 AD, an Asiatic race called the Alans invaded parts of Italy, Spain and Germany, using these dogs in battle. During the 15th and 16th century, they were use to hunt boar, bear and other large prey.

It is during this time that the breed seen today was started. In Germany, the Dane was admired for its abilities and selective breeding began. Crossing its larger frame (from Tibetan Mastiff decent) with the more slender build of an Irish Wolfhound, the Great Dane of today was formed.

The name "Dane" came from French Naturalist Comte de Buffon. In the 1700's, he traveled to Denmark, found a breed similar, but more slender, and called it a 'Grand Danois', Great Danish Dog.

After that, the name stuck.

The Great Dane is known, today, not for its battle skills, but for its temperament. Its large head and powerful frame could deceive anyone into believing this dog to be a modern monster. This is not true, however. The Great Dane is a gentle giant, a protective, but never aggressive, animal. Recognized for their loyalty and calm natures, this is a breed ideal for families. The Dane is devoted to his "clan" and takes well to training. Also, he is a patient fellow, perfect for children. However, standing between 28 to 34 inches and weighing between 100 to 200 pounds, the Dane is still intimidating to ward off any problems. If he senses danger toward his family, he will become protective.

At a glance, the Great Dane seems to be the perfect pet, and he may be... for some. Before choosing to own a Great Dane, you must understand the disadvantages. While that powerful frame may make an excellent protector, it will also take up massive amounts of space. And, since the Dane--affectionate thing that he is--needs to be with you, simply locking him outside is not going to work. Another aspect of the breed that you must realize is the need for exercise. This is a dog that, if not given sufficient play, will suffer bloat or other medical complications. They need, at least, a long walk during the day. More is recommended. Many families do not have the time to spend exercising their pet. Or, the extra money to feed it. While this breed is usually slimmer, dogs still eat between three and six cups of food a day. Some families may not be able to afford that, along with just the basic expenses that come with having a larger dog. And the greatest disadvantage to owning a Great Dane--or any larger breed--is that they don't live as long. The typical life span is eight to ten years.

Before purchasing any breed, you must be certain that it is more than just the one you want: it's the one you can handle. Never select a puppy because it's "cute" or because a friend owns one and swears by it. Each family has different needs and some breeds won't fulfill them.

Owning a Great Dane can be a wonderful experience, if you have the time to devote to it. Consider this before bringing one of these gentle giants into your home.

Richard Cussons is a champion for dogs of all breeds and Great Danes in particular. You can find out more about Great Danes at http://www.greatdanesavvy.com/.

Lottery Syndicates - Should You Participate?

There are times when youve got to look up to the power of One and there are times when you just have to say Team. When talking of lotteries, you increase your chances of winning manifold when you participate in an e-lottery syndicate.

An online syndicate harnesses the power of the internet to enable people participating in a lottery to win more frequently. This happens because when you purchase a lottery via a syndicate, you automatically make yourself eligible for the winnings of other members. In essence you are entering a given lottery draw multiple times at no extra cost. Thus, your chances of winning increase exponentially. Of course, the winnings are split between the participants. So, an e-lottery syndicate is basically a trade-off between a potentially huge lottery win against better chances of winning a smaller packet

Syndicates can span many countries; for example Virtual World Direct (VWD), which runs a syndicated effort for the Euro Millions lottery, is available to citizens from Belgium, France, Spain, Austria, Ireland, Portugal, Switzerland, and Luxembourg. The vast player population along with the combined lotteries of different nations makes Euro Millions the biggest bumper lottery system out there.

By becoming a member of an e-lottery syndicate you get access to some of the largest tax-free lotteries in the world. Membership is easy; all that is required is a computer with an internet connection and a credit card. With an e-lottery syndicate you do not need to keep purchasing tickets every week and visit your lottery seller for checking results. The whole system is computerized and when you win you are intimated by email. You do not have to go anywhere to collect your winnings, they are sent to your house.

There are several online resources which review e-lottery syndicates. You can refer these before you decide upon the syndicate most suited to your style and pocket. Membership fees may vary and the number of participants in a group can also differ. You should also check for member reviews on different online forums, inputs from your countrymen can be especially revealing. Check for the kind of customer service and back-office support offered by the syndicate. Of course, scams abound and you should be alert and not fall prey to anything that sounds too good to be true.

Two popular lottery syndicates are the UK National Lottery syndicate and Euro Millions syndicate run by VWD. The UK National Lottery syndicate consists of multiple groups with 49 members in each group. So, the winnings in a group are shared by 49 members. With just 5, you make yourself eligible to winning against 88 lines that open every week. The money is to be paid 4 weeks in advance. The draw occurs twice a week. The VWU Euro Millions syndicate has 39 members to a group and there are 36 lines in each draw.

Finally, you could also take a look at the range of software available for lottery and gaming enthusiasts. This includes syndicate management software for syndicates, entry management software, and lottery analysis software for the players.

Sveinn Johannsson is an executive affiliate member of the e-lottery syndicate system that effectively increases your chances of winning The UK National Lottery and The Euro Millions Lottery.